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CLOCK Antibody

Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody

     
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Product Information
Application
  • Applications Legend:
  • WB=Western Blot
  • IHC=Immunohistochemistry
  • IHC-P=Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin-embedded Sections)
  • IHC-F=Immunohistochemistry (Frozen Sections)
  • IF=Immunofluorescence
  • FC=Flow Cytopmetry
  • IC=Immunochemistry
  • ICC=Immunocytochemistry
  • E=ELISA
  • IP=Immunoprecipitation
  • DB=Dot Blot
  • CHIP=Chromatin Immunoprecipitation
  • FA=Fluorescence Assay
  • IEM=Immunoelectronmicroscopy
  • EIA=Enzyme Immunoassay
WB
Primary Accession O08785
Other Accession NP_031741
Reactivity Human, Mouse, Rat
Host Rabbit
Clonality Polyclonal
Isotype Rabbit IgG
Calculated MW 96393 Da
Additional Information
Gene ID 12753
Application & Usage Western blotting (0.5-4 µg/ml). However, the optimal conditions should be determined individually. The antibody recognizes the 100 kDa and the ~62 kDa isoforms of CLOCK in samples from human, mouse and rat origins. Reactivity to other species has not been tested.
Other Names Circadian Locomoter Output Cycles Kaput, clock homolog
Target/Specificity CLOCK
Antibody Form Liquid
Appearance Colorless liquid
Formulation 100 µg (0.5 mg/ml) affinity purified rabbit polyclonal antibody in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), pH 7.2, containing 30% glycerol, 0.5% BSA, and 0.01% thimerosal.
Handling The antibody solution should be gently mixed before use.
Reconstitution & Storage -20 °C
Background Descriptions
PrecautionsCLOCK Antibody is for research use only and not for use in diagnostic or therapeutic procedures.
Protein Information
Name Clock
Function Transcriptional activator which forms a core component of the circadian clock. The circadian clock, an internal time-keeping system, regulates various physiological processes through the generation of approximately 24 hour circadian rhythms in gene expression, which are translated into rhythms in metabolism and behavior. It is derived from the Latin roots 'circa' (about) and 'diem' (day) and acts as an important regulator of a wide array of physiological functions including metabolism, sleep, body temperature, blood pressure, endocrine, immune, cardiovascular, and renal function. Consists of two major components: the central clock, residing in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the brain, and the peripheral clocks that are present in nearly every tissue and organ system. Both the central and peripheral clocks can be reset by environmental cues, also known as Zeitgebers (German for 'timegivers'). The predominant Zeitgeber for the central clock is light, which is sensed by retina and signals directly to the SCN. The central clock entrains the peripheral clocks through neuronal and hormonal signals, body temperature and feeding-related cues, aligning all clocks with the external light/dark cycle. Circadian rhythms allow an organism to achieve temporal homeostasis with its environment at the molecular level by regulating gene expression to create a peak of protein expression once every 24 hours to control when a particular physiological process is most active with respect to the solar day. Transcription and translation of core clock components (CLOCK, NPAS2, BMAL1, BMAL2, PER1, PER2, PER3, CRY1 and CRY2) plays a critical role in rhythm generation, whereas delays imposed by post- translational modifications (PTMs) are important for determining the period (tau) of the rhythms (tau refers to the period of a rhythm and is the length, in time, of one complete cycle). A diurnal rhythm is synchronized with the day/night cycle, while the ultradian and infradian rhythms have a period shorter and longer than 24 hours, respectively. Disruptions in the circadian rhythms contribute to the pathology of cardiovascular diseases, cancer, metabolic syndromes and aging. A transcription/translation feedback loop (TTFL) forms the core of the molecular circadian clock mechanism. Transcription factors, CLOCK or NPAS2 and BMAL1 or BMAL2, form the positive limb of the feedback loop, act in the form of a heterodimer and activate the transcription of core clock genes and clock-controlled genes (involved in key metabolic processes), harboring E-box elements (5'-CACGTG-3') within their promoters. The core clock genes: PER1/2/3 and CRY1/2 which are transcriptional repressors form the negative limb of the feedback loop and interact with the CLOCK|NPAS2-BMAL1|BMAL2 heterodimer inhibiting its activity and thereby negatively regulating their own expression. This heterodimer also activates nuclear receptors NR1D1/2 and RORA/B/G, which form a second feedback loop and which activate and repress BMAL1 transcription, respectively. Regulates the circadian expression of ICAM1, VCAM1, CCL2, THPO and MPL and also acts as an enhancer of the transactivation potential of NF-kappaB. Plays an important role in the homeostatic regulation of sleep. The CLOCK-BMAL1 heterodimer regulates the circadian expression of SERPINE1/PAI1, VWF, B3, CCRN4L/NOC, NAMPT, DBP, MYOD1, PPARGC1A, PPARGC1B, SIRT1, GYS2, F7, NGFR, GNRHR, BHLHE40/DEC1, ATF4, MTA1, KLF10 and also genes implicated in glucose and lipid metabolism. Promotes rhythmic chromatin opening, regulating the DNA accessibility of other transcription factors. May play a role in spermatogenesis; contributes to the chromatoid body assembly and physiology. The CLOCK-BMAL2 heterodimer activates the transcription of SERPINE1/PAI1 and BHLHE40/DEC1. The preferred binding motif for the CLOCK-BMAL1 heterodimer is 5'-CACGTGA-3', which contains a flanking adenine nucleotide at the 3-prime end of the canonical 6- nucleotide E-box sequence (By similarity). CLOCK specifically binds to the half-site 5'-CAC-3', while BMAL1 binds to the half-site 5'-GTGA-3' (By similarity). The CLOCK-BMAL1 heterodimer also recognizes the non- canonical E-box motifs 5'-AACGTGA-3' and 5'-CATGTGA-3'. CLOCK has an intrinsic acetyltransferase activity, which enables circadian chromatin remodeling by acetylating histones and nonhistone proteins, including its own partner BMAL1. Represses glucocorticoid receptor NR3C1/GR- induced transcriptional activity by reducing the association of NR3C1/GR to glucocorticoid response elements (GREs) via the acetylation of multiple lysine residues located in its hinge region. The acetyltransferase activity of CLOCK is as important as its transcription activity in circadian control. Acetylates metabolic enzymes IMPDH2 and NDUFA9 in a circadian manner (By similarity). Facilitated by BMAL1, rhythmically interacts and acetylates argininosuccinate synthase 1 (ASS1) leading to enzymatic inhibition of ASS1 as well as the circadian oscillation of arginine biosynthesis and subsequent ureagenesis (PubMed:28985504). Drives the circadian rhythm of blood pressure through transcriptional activation of ATP1B1 (PubMed:30012868).
Cellular Location Nucleus. Cytoplasm. Cytoplasm, cytosol {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:O15516}. Note=Localizes to sites of DNA damage in a H2AX-independent manner (By similarity). Shuttling between the cytoplasm and the nucleus is under circadian regulation and is BMAL1- dependent. Phosphorylated form located in the nucleus predominantly between CT12 and CT21. Nonphosphorylated form found only in the cytoplasm. Sequestered to the cytoplasm in the presence of ID2 {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:O15516, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11779462, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16980631, ECO:0000269|PubMed:20861012}
Tissue Location Expressed equally in brain, eye, testes, ovaries, liver, heart, lung, kidney. In the brain, expression is abundant in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN), in the pyriform cortex, and in the hippocampus. Low expression throughout the rest of the brain Expression does not appear to undergo circadian oscillations
Research Areas
Citations (0)
citation

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Background

Clock is a basic helix-loop helix (bHLH) transcription factor that regulates circadian rhythms and sleep cycles. Clock contain a DNA-binding domain, a protein dimerization domain that heterodimerizes with BMAL1 and a glutamine-rich C terminus region. Clock dimerization with BMAL helps regulate nuclear translocation and binding of Clock to the E box elements stimulates circadian genes transcription.

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Discontinued
Cat# ABV10693-30
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