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ATG16 Antibody (Center)
Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody
- SPECIFICATION
- CITATIONS
- PROTOCOLS
- BACKGROUND
Application 
| WB, ICC, E |
|---|---|
| Primary Accession | Q676U5 |
| Reactivity | Human, Mouse, Rat |
| Host | Rabbit |
| Clonality | Polyclonal |
| Isotype | Rabbit IgG1 |
| Calculated MW | 68265 Da |
| Gene ID | 55054 |
|---|---|
| Positive Control | Western Blot: HeLa cell lysate Immunocytochemistry: HeLa cells |
| Application & Usage | Western Blot: 0.25 – 0.5 µg/ml, Immunocytochemistry: 2 µg/ml, ELISA. However, the optimal conditions should be determined individually. |
| Other Names | Autophagy protein 16, Autophagy related protein 16, ATG16L, APG16 |
| Target/Specificity | ATG16 |
| Antibody Form | Liquid |
| Appearance | Colorless liquid |
| Formulation | 100 µg (1 mg/ml) in 1X PBS containing 0.02% sodium azide. |
| Handling | The antibody solution should be gently mixed before use. |
| Reconstitution & Storage | -20 °C |
| Background Descriptions | |
| Precautions | ATG16 Antibody (Center) is for research use only and not for use in diagnostic or therapeutic procedures. |
| Name | ATG16L1 {ECO:0000303|PubMed:17200669, ECO:0000312|HGNC:HGNC:21498} |
|---|---|
| Function | Plays an essential role in both canonical and non-canonical autophagy: interacts with ATG12-ATG5 to mediate the lipidation to ATG8 family proteins (MAP1LC3A, MAP1LC3B, MAP1LC3C, GABARAPL1, GABARAPL2 and GABARAP) (PubMed:23376921, PubMed:23392225, PubMed:29317426, PubMed:30778222, PubMed:33909989, PubMed:24553140, PubMed:24954904, PubMed:27273576). Acts as a molecular hub, coordinating autophagy pathways via distinct domains that support either canonical or non- canonical signaling (PubMed:29317426, PubMed:30778222). During canonical autophagy, interacts with ATG12-ATG5 to mediate the conjugation of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) to ATG8 proteins, to produce a membrane-bound activated form of ATG8 (PubMed:23376921, PubMed:23392225, PubMed:24553140, PubMed:24954904, PubMed:27273576). Thereby, controls the elongation of the nascent autophagosomal membrane (PubMed:23376921, PubMed:23392225, PubMed:24553140, PubMed:24954904, PubMed:27273576). Also involved in non-canonical autophagy, a parallel pathway involving conjugation of ATG8 proteins to single membranes at endolysosomal compartments, probably by catalyzing conjugation of phosphatidylserine (PS) to ATG8 (PubMed:33909989). Non-canonical autophagy plays a key role in epithelial cells to limit lethal infection by influenza A (IAV) virus (By similarity). Regulates mitochondrial antiviral signaling (MAVS)-dependent type I interferon (IFN-I) production (PubMed:22749352, PubMed:25645662). Negatively regulates NOD1- and NOD2-driven inflammatory cytokine response (PubMed:24238340). Instead, promotes an autophagy-dependent antibacterial pathway together with NOD1 or NOD2 (PubMed:20637199). Plays a role in regulating morphology and function of Paneth cell (PubMed:18849966). |
| Cellular Location | Cytoplasm. Preautophagosomal structure membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. Endosome membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. Lysosome membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. Note=Recruited to omegasomes membranes by WIPI2 (By similarity). Omegasomes are endoplasmic reticulum connected strutures at the origin of preautophagosomal structures (By similarity) Localized to preautophagosomal structure (PAS) where it is involved in the membrane targeting of ATG5 (By similarity). Localizes also to discrete punctae along the ciliary axoneme (By similarity). Upon activation of non-canonical autophagy, recruited to single-membrane endolysosomal compartments (PubMed:29317426) {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q8C0J2, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29317426} |
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Provided below are standard protocols that you may find useful for product applications.
Background
Autophagy, the process of bulk degradation of cellular proteins thro µgh an autophagosomic-lysosomal pathway is important for normal growth control and may be defective in tumor cells. It is involved in the preservation of cellular nutrients under starvation conditions as well as the normal turnover of cytosolic components. This process is negatively regulated by TOR (Target of rapamycin) thro µgh phosphorylation of autophagy protein APG1. ATG16, another member of the autophagy protein family, forms a complex with the ATG5-ATG12 conj µgate. This multimeric protein has been shown to be essential for autophagosome formation in both yeast and mammals and targets the ATG5-ATG12 complex to the autophagic isolation membrane during the formation of the autophagosome. Because mammalian ATG16 has seven WD-repeats in its C-terminal domain, it has been s µggested that these may form a platform for further protein-protein interactions. Multiple isoforms of ATG16 are known to exist.
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