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Goat Anti-CARD15 / NOD2 (Internal) Antibody
Peptide-affinity purified goat antibody
- SPECIFICATION
- CITATIONS: 1
- PROTOCOLS
- BACKGROUND
Application 
| WB, E |
|---|---|
| Primary Accession | Q9HC29 |
| Other Accession | NP_071445, 64127, 257632 (mouse), 291912 (rat) |
| Reactivity | Human |
| Predicted | Mouse, Rat |
| Host | Goat |
| Clonality | Polyclonal |
| Concentration | 100ug/200ul |
| Isotype | IgG |
| Calculated MW | 115283 Da |
| Gene ID | 64127 |
|---|---|
| Other Names | Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2, Caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 15, Inflammatory bowel disease protein 1, NOD2, CARD15, IBD1 |
| Format | 0.5 mg IgG/ml in Tris saline (20mM Tris pH7.3, 150mM NaCl), 0.02% sodium azide, with 0.5% bovine serum albumin |
| Storage | Maintain refrigerated at 2-8°C for up to 6 months. For long term storage store at -20°C in small aliquots to prevent freeze-thaw cycles. |
| Precautions | Goat Anti-CARD15 / NOD2 (Internal) Antibody is for research use only and not for use in diagnostic or therapeutic procedures. |
| Name | NOD2 {ECO:0000303|PubMed:11087742, ECO:0000312|HGNC:HGNC:5331} |
|---|---|
| Function | Pattern recognition receptor (PRR) that detects bacterial peptidoglycan fragments and other danger signals and plays an important role in gastrointestinal immunity (PubMed:12514169, PubMed:12527755, PubMed:12626759, PubMed:15044951, PubMed:15998797, PubMed:27283905, PubMed:27748583, PubMed:31649195). Specifically activated by muramyl dipeptide (MDP), a fragment of bacterial peptidoglycan found in every bacterial peptidoglycan type (PubMed:12514169, PubMed:12871942, PubMed:12527755, PubMed:12626759, PubMed:15044951, PubMed:15998797, PubMed:22857257, PubMed:23322906, PubMed:27748583, PubMed:36002575, PubMed:15198989). NOD2 specifically recognizes and binds 6-O-phospho- MDP, the phosphorylated form of MDP, which is generated by NAGK (PubMed:36002575). 6-O-phospho-MDP-binding triggers oligomerization that facilitates the binding and subsequent activation of the proximal adapter receptor-interacting RIPK2 (PubMed:11087742, PubMed:17355968, PubMed:21887730, PubMed:23806334, PubMed:28436939). Following recruitment, RIPK2 undergoes 'Met-1'- (linear) and 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitination by E3 ubiquitin-protein ligases XIAP, BIRC2, BIRC3 and the LUBAC complex, becoming a scaffolding protein for downstream effectors, triggering activation of the NF-kappa-B and MAP kinases signaling (PubMed:11087742, PubMed:12514169, PubMed:12626759, PubMed:21887730, PubMed:23806334, PubMed:23322906, PubMed:28436939, PubMed:15198989). This in turn leads to the transcriptional activation of hundreds of genes involved in immune response (PubMed:15198989). Its ability to detect bacterial MDP plays a central role in maintaining the equilibrium between intestinal microbiota and host immune responses to control inflammation (By similarity). An imbalance in this relationship results in dysbiosis, whereby pathogenic bacteria prevail on commensals, causing damage in the intestinal epithelial barrier as well as allowing bacterial invasion and inflammation (By similarity). Acts as a regulator of appetite by sensing MDP in a subset of brain neurons: microbiota-derived MDP reach the brain, where they bind and activate NOD2 in inhibitory hypothalamic neurons, decreasing neuronal activity, thereby regulating satiety and body temperature (By similarity). NOD2- dependent MDP-sensing of bacterial cell walls in the intestinal epithelial compartment contributes to sustained postnatal growth upon undernutrition (By similarity). Also plays a role in antiviral response by acting as a sensor of single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) from viruses: upon ssRNA-binding, interacts with MAVS, leading to activation of interferon regulatory factor-3/IRF3 and expression of type I interferon (PubMed:19701189). Also acts as a regulator of autophagy in dendritic cells via its interaction with ATG16L1, possibly by recruiting ATG16L1 at the site of bacterial entry (PubMed:20637199). NOD2 activation in the small intestine crypt also contributes to intestinal stem cells survival and function: acts by promoting mitophagy via its association with ATG16L1 (By similarity). In addition to its main role in innate immunity, also regulates the adaptive immune system by acting as regulator of helper T-cell and regulatory T-cells (Tregs) (By similarity). Besides recognizing pathogens, also involved in the endoplasmic reticulum stress response: acts by sensing and binding to the cytosolic metabolite sphingosine-1-phosphate generated in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress, initiating an inflammation process that leads to activation of the NF-kappa-B and MAP kinases signaling (PubMed:27007849, PubMed:33942347). May also be involved in NLRP1 activation following activation by MDP, leading to CASP1 activation and IL1B release in macrophages (PubMed:18511561). |
| Cellular Location | Cell membrane; Lipid-anchor. Basolateral cell membrane. Cytoplasm Mitochondrion. Note=Palmitoylation promotes localization to the cell membrane, where it detects bacterial invasion at the point of entry. |
| Tissue Location | Expressed in monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, hepatocytes, preadipocytes, epithelial cells of oral cavity, lung and intestine, with higher expression in ileal Paneth cells and in intestinal stem cells. |
Provided below are standard protocols that you may find useful for product applications.
Background
This gene is a member of the Nod1/Apaf-1 family and encodes a protein with two caspase recruitment (CARD) domains and six leucine-rich repeats (LRRs). The protein is primarily expressed in the peripheral blood leukocytes. It plays a role in the immune response to intracellular bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) by recognizing the muramyl dipeptide (MDP) derived from them and activating the NFKB protein. Mutations in this gene have been associated with Crohn disease and Blau syndrome.
References
NOD2 mutations predict the risk for surgery in pediatric-onset Crohn's disease. Lacher M, et al. J Pediatr Surg, 2010 Aug. PMID 20713205.
CARD15 mutations and colorectal cancer in a South European country. Freire P, et al. Int J Colorectal Dis, 2010 Oct. PMID 20676658.
A genetic association study of maternal and fetal candidate genes that predispose to preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PROM). Romero R, et al. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 2010 Jul 29. PMID 20673868.
Toll-like receptor (TLR) and nucleosome-binding oligomerization domain (NOD) gene polymorphisms and endometrial cancer risk. Ashton KA, et al. BMC Cancer, 2010 Jul 21. PMID 20646321.
NOD2 polymorphisms in clinical phenotypes of common variable immunodeficiency disorders. Packwood K, et al. Clin Exp Immunol, 2010 Jul 14. PMID 20646002.
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