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ATG3 Antibody
- SPECIFICATION
- CITATIONS
- PROTOCOLS
- BACKGROUND
Application 
| WB, IHC-P, IF, E |
|---|---|
| Primary Accession | Q9NT62 |
| Other Accession | NP_071933, 19526773 |
| Reactivity | Human, Mouse, Rat |
| Host | Rabbit |
| Clonality | Polyclonal |
| Isotype | IgG |
| Calculated MW | 35864 Da |
| Application Notes | ATG3 antibody can be used for detection of ATG3 by Western blot at 1 - 2 µg/mL. Antibody can also be used for immunohistochemistry starting at 5 µg/mL. For immunofluorescence start at 20 µg/mL. |
| Gene ID | 64422 |
|---|---|
| Target/Specificity | ATG3; |
| Reconstitution & Storage | ATG3 antibody can be stored at 4℃ for three months and -20℃, stable for up to one year. As with all antibodies care should be taken to avoid repeated freeze thaw cycles. Antibodies should not be exposed to prolonged high temperatures. |
| Precautions | ATG3 Antibody is for research use only and not for use in diagnostic or therapeutic procedures. |
| Name | ATG3 (HGNC:20962) |
|---|---|
| Synonyms | APG3, APG3L |
| Function | E2 conjugating enzyme that catalyzes the covalent conjugation of the C-terminal Gly of ATG8-like proteins (GABARAP, GABARAPL1, GABARAPL2 or MAP1LC3A) to the amino group of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE)-containing lipids in the membrane resulting in membrane-bound ATG8-like proteins which is one of the key steps in the development of autophagic isolation membranes during autophagosome formation (PubMed:24191030, PubMed:37252361, PubMed:33446636). Cycles back and forth between binding to ATG7 for loading with the ATG8-like proteins and binding to E3 enzyme, composed of ATG12, ATG5 and ATG16L1 to promote ATG8-like proteins lipidation (PubMed:12207896, PubMed:24186333, PubMed:11825910, PubMed:12890687, PubMed:16704426). Also plays a role as a membrane curvature sensor that facilitates LC3/GABARAP lipidation by sensing local membrane stress associated with lipid-packing defects as occurs with high molar proportions of conical lipids or strident membrane curvature (By similarity). Interacts with negatively-charged membranes promoting membrane tethering and enhancing LC3/GABARAP lipidation (PubMed:29142222). Also acts as an autocatalytic E2-like enzyme by catalyzing the conjugation of ATG12 to itself in an ATG7-dependent manner, this complex thus formed, plays a role in mitochondrial homeostasis but not in autophagy (By similarity). ATG12- ATG3 conjugation promotes late endosome to lysosome trafficking and basal autophagosome maturation via its interaction with PDCD6IP (By similarity). ATG12-ATG3 conjugate is also formed upon viccina virus infection, leading to the disruption the cellular autophagy which is not necessary for vaccinia survival and proliferation (By similarity). Promotes primary ciliogenesis by removing OFD1 from centriolar satellites via the autophagic pathway (By similarity). |
| Cellular Location | Cytoplasm. |
| Tissue Location | Widely expressed, with a highest expression in heart, skeletal muscle, kidney, liver and placenta |
Thousands of laboratories across the world have published research that depended on the performance of antibodies from Abcepta to advance their research. Check out links to articles that cite our products in major peer-reviewed journals, organized by research category.
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Provided below are standard protocols that you may find useful for product applications.
Background
ATG3 Antibody: Autophagy, the process of bulk degradation of cellular proteins through an autophagosomic-lysosomal pathway is important for normal growth control and may be defective in tumor cells. It is involved in the preservation of cellular nutrients under starvation conditions as well as the normal turnover of cytosolic components. This process is negatively regulated by TOR (Target of rapamycin) through phosphorylation of autophagy protein APG1. ATG3 (APG3) is a widely expressed conjugating enzyme for APG8 lipidation, an essential step for the initiation of autophagy. It functions as an E2-like enzyme during the initial stages of autophagosome formation by catalyzing the formation of the Atg8-phosphatidylethanolamine (Atg8-PE) conjugate, which is critical for autophagy.
References
Gozuacik D and Kimchi A. Autophagy as a cell death and tumor suppressor mechanism. Oncogene2004; 23:2891-906.
Kisen GO, Tessitore L, Costelli P, et al. Reduced autophagic activity in primary rat hepatocellular carcinoma and ascites hepatoma cells. Carcinogenesis1993; 14:2501-5.
Kamada Y, Funakoshi T, Shintani T, et al. Tor-mediated induction of autophagy via Apg1 protein kinase complex. J. Cell. Biol.2000; 150:1507-13.
Yamada Y, Suzuki NN, Hanada T, et al. The crystal structure of Atg3, an autophagy-related ubiquitin carrier protein (E2) enzyme that mediates Atg8 lipidation. J. Biol. Chem.2007; 282:8036-43.
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