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MMK1 Protein
A Potent and Selective Agonist of FPR2 G-Protein Coupled Receptors
- SPECIFICATION
- CITATIONS
- PROTOCOLS
- BACKGROUND
| Storage | -20°C |
|---|---|
| Precautions | MMK1 Protein is for research use only and not for use in diagnostic or therapeutic procedures. |
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Provided below are standard protocols that you may find useful for product applications.
Background
Chemotactic factors from both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria are short peptides with N-formyl methionine at the N-terminus (extensively reviewed in reference 1). These peptides are released from bacteria during infection and activate formyl peptide receptor (FPR), a member of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). In human, the FPR family consists mainly of three receptors, FPR1, FPR2/ALX (formerly FPRL1), and FPR3 (formerly FPRL2) which all couple to the Gi subtype of G-proteins and ultimately lead to the activation of phospholipase C and intracellular Ca2+increase1,2.
MMK1 is a selective and potent agonist of the Formylpeptide receptor FPR23, which was originally derived from a random peptide library and was identified by a novel autocrine selection method in yeasts engineered to express human FPR24.
FPR2 is expressed in the promyelocytic leukemia cell line HL-60 as well as in the chronic myelogenous leukemia cell line K5625. In human neutrophils, 1 µM MMK1 induces Ca2+ influx which is blocked by the specific FPR2 antagonist WRW46.
Resveratrol, a constituent of grape seeds, induces Ca2+ influx in human monocytes which is blocked by10 µM MMK1, demonstrating that the inhibition of chemoattractant receptors contribute to the anti-inflammatory properties of resveratrol7.
References
1 . Ye, R.D. et al.(2009)Pharmacol. Rev.61, 119.
2 . Le, Y. et al.(2002)Trends Immunol. 23, 541.
3 . Hu, J.Y. et al. (2001)J. Leukoc. Biol. 70,155.
4 . Klein, C. et al.(1998)Nat. Biotechnol.16,1334.
5 . See Applications for Anti-Human FPR2/ALX (extracellular).
6 . Bae, Y.S. et al. (2004)J. Immunol. 173,607.
7 . Tao, H. et al. (2004)Cell. Mol. Immunol. 1,50.
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