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Background
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TLR9 is a member of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family which plays a fundamental role in pathogen recognition and activation of innate immunity. TLRs are highly conserved from Drosophila to humans and share structural and functional similarities. They recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that are expressed on infectious agents, and mediate the production of cytokines necessary for the development of effective immunity. The various TLRs exhibit different patterns of expression. TLR9 is preferentially expressed in immune cell rich tissues, such as spleen, lymph node, bone marrow and peripheral blood leukocytes. Studies in mice and human indicate that this receptor mediates cellular response to unmethylated CpG dinucleotides in bacterial DNA to mount an innate immune response.
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Background
References
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- Chuang, T.H., et al., J. Leukoc. Biol. 71(3):538-544 (2002).
- Bauer, S., et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98(16):9237-9242 (2001).
- Hemmi, H., et al., Nature 408(6813):740-745 (2000).
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